Based on the K–theory models for turbulent diffusion, Gaussian plume, and approximation equations for the convective conditions, considered are the inverse problems on reconstructing the concentration fields and the parameters of the stationary sources of pollution in the boundary atmospheric layer. We also propose a scheme for making optimal plans of observations. The results of numerical simulations are presented for estimating the source parameters and constructing the optimal plans of observations based on the data of laboratory and field experiments.