Possible applications of algorithms of the method of grouping of arguments (MGA) in problems of medium- and long-term prediction of the altitude profiles of the temperature are discussed. These algorithms make it possible to construct simple predictive models with optimal complexity based on a special table of the initial experimental data (predictors), which hold a long history of the process, and with the help of criteria set by experts. The effectiveness of this approach in medium-term prediction of the altitude profiles of the temperature is demonstrated for a concrete example.