Systematic investigation of the scattering phase matrix of the atmospheric air allowed the investigation of time variability of the microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol to be carried out. This in turn enabled the development of optical and microphysical models, as well as to find out the role of the basic transformation processes of the aerosol microstructure and particle composition, and to establish the laws of the atmospheric haze particles growth. The study of regimes of aerosol boundary layer formation has created grounds for better understanding evolution of the tropospheric aerosol. Analysis of multicomponent aerosol kinetics made it possible to assess the radiative effect of the transforming anthropogenic aerosol.